4!!!!!!???? you should see my ch.2 formula stack its ridic!!
DM PRICE VAR.= Actual Q purchased x( Actual P- std P)
VOH rate(spending var)= Actual hours x ( Actual rate- std rate)
Estimated req. levels of production=budgeted sales + desired EI- BI
DL efficiency var=std rate x( actual hours-std hours allowed)
DL rate var= Actual hours worked x (Actual rate-std rate)
DM usage budget= BI at cost + purchases at cost- EI at cost
DM quantity usage var=std price x(Actual q used- std q allowed)
COGS formula
Direct cost var=std price x std q
VOH efficiency var aka production vol. var=std rate x (actual hours-std hours allowed for actual production vol
FOH budget spending var=actual fixed OH-budgeted fixed OH
FOH volume var=budgeted fixed OH-std fixed OH cost allocated to production
sales price var= (actual SP per unit-Budgeted SP per unit) x actual sold units
sales vol. var=(actual sold units- Budgeted sales units) x std CM per unit
CM per unit=SP-prime costs-var OH-var SG&A
BE in units= total FC/cm per unit
CM ratio=CM/revenue
BE in dollars=unit price x BE in units OR total FC/CM ratio
margin of safety=total sales in dollars – BE in dollars
margin of safety percentage=margin of safety in dollars/ total sales
target cost=market price – required profit
selling price based on target GM %-costs/ratio of costs to sales
setting selling prices based on assumed volume= (FC+var cost+pretax profit)/ # of units sold
sales dollars needed to obtain a desired profit= var costs + FC+ pretax profit OR FC+pretax profit/ CM ratio
predicting profits based on volume after BE has been achieved= units above BE x CM per unit
sales units needed to obtain a desired profit=(FC+pretax profit) / CM per unit
# of units to be purchased=units of DM needed+ desired EI- BI
cost of DM to be purchased=units of DM to be purchased x cost per unit
.