I should've explained it better. Whats the course of action in each of these – get management to disclose in the financial statements? get them to accrue for the liability/loss? update the audit report?
a) A contingency about a pending litigation was disclosed in the financial statements at year end. The litigation was not accrued for since it was estimated that losing the case would be unlikely. The litigation has now resolved and the company is liable for $5000. The resolution occurred before the date the audit report was issued but this information has come to light after the audit report was issued.
b) A contingency about a pending litigation was not disclosed in the financial statements. The litigation has now resolved and the company is liable for $3000. The resolution occurred after the date of the audit report.
I'm pretty sure the first step in both is to determine if anyone will be relying on the financial statements first.
Your post is quite helpful in understanding the other scenarios which I hadn't thought of yet, j3cpa. In part a) though, its actually a contingency that was resolved before the audit report date.